- Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they must be in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define the notion of temperature.
- First law of thermodynamics: Heat is a form of energy. Because energy is conserved, the internal energy of a system changes as heat flows in or out of it. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible.
- Second law of thermodynamics: The entropy of any isolated system never decreases. Such systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium — the state of maximum entropy of the system. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible.
- Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of glasses the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero, and is equal to the log of the multiplicity of the quantum ground state.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium :- If a system satisfy -
1. Thermal Equilibrium
2. Mechanical Equilibrium
3. Chemical Equilibrium
then it is called to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. All system has a nature to tend to equilibrium. Say a function f(u,v) = c was in equilibrium at one combination of u,v value, now if u changes v will be try to be changed to reach the equilibrium once again.
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